1220 - Emperor Go-Saga of Japan (d. 1272)
1952 - Annette O'Toole, Houston Texas, actress (Cat People, Superman III)
1543 - Franois de Bonne, duc de Lesdiguires, Constable of France (d. 1626)
1952 - Rey Robinson, US, 100m sprinter (Olympic-1972)
1582 - Gaspar de Crayer, Flemish painter
1953 - Aftab Baloch, cricketer (Pakistani in 2 Tests, scored 428 for Sind 74)
1610 - Charles de Saint-vremond, French soldier (d. 1703)
1640 - Georg Mohr, Danish mathematician (d. 1697)
1955 - Danny Joe Pohl, Mt Pleasant MI, PGA golfer (1986 Colonial)
1647 - John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester, English poet (d. 1680)
1697 - Antoine Franois Prvost, French author and novelist (d. 1763)
1956 - Peter O'Toole, Irish pop bassist (Hothouse Flowers-People)
1725 - Francois Bainville, composer
1921 - Ken Reardon, Canadian ice hockey player
1957 - Peter Deutsch, (Rep-D-Florida)
1765 - Luigi Schiavonetti, Italian engraver (d. 1810)
1924 - Gunther Becker, composer
1776 - Sophie Germain, French mathematician (d. 1831)
1785 - J H Ferdinand Olivier, German painter
1802 - Hubert Reis, composer
1807 - Fredrik Cygnaeus, Finnish poet/literature critic
1926 - Lyndon Brook, actor (Invasion, Reach for the Sky)
1809 - Willem Ruys J Dz, Dutch ship owner
1815 - Otto Von Bismarck, Germany, chancellor (1866-90)
1817 - Johannes J van Oosterzee, Dutch theologist
1964 - Kevin Duckworth, NBA center (Milwaukee Bucks)
1834 - Isidore Edouard Legouix, composer
1928 - Jane Powell, Portland Oregon, singer/actress (7 Brides for 7 Brothers)
1929 - Milan Kundera, Czech poet/writer (Joke, Unbearable Lightness of Being)
1929 - Payut Ngaokrachang, Thai animator
1847 - Jules-Nicolas Crevaux, French explorer (South America)
1930 - Grace Lee Whitney, Ann Arbor Mich, actress (Yeoman Rand-Star Trek)
1930 - Joan Franks-Williams, composer
1931 - George Baker, Bulgaria, actor (Goodbye Mr Chips, Curse of the Fly)
1967 - Phil Demmel, American musician
1968 - Joel Smeenge, NFL defensive end (Jacksonville Jaguars)
1968 - Andreas Schnaas, German horror film director
1865 - Richard Zsigmondy, Germany, chemist (Nobel-1925)
1969 - Andrew Vlahov, Australian basketball forward (Olympics-1988, 92, 96)
1969 - Arnaud Boetsch, Meulam France, tennis star (1985 European Junior)
1969 - Frank Castillo, El Paso TX, pitcher (Chic Cubs)
1969 - John Forest, soccer player (Go Ahead Eagles)
1934 - Rod Kanehl, American baseball player (d. 2004)
1872 - Tadeusz Joteyko, composer
1873 - Sergei Rachmaninoff, Novgorod Russia, composer (Prelude in C# Minor)
1875 - Edgar Wallace, England, novelist/playwright/journalist (Terror)
1935 - Larry McDonald, American politician (d. 1983)
1970 - Sung Hi Lee, Korean-born model
1882 - Paul Anspach, Belgian Olympic champion fencer (d. 1991)
1971 - Ernest Jones, NFL defensive end (Saints, Denver Broncos-Superbowl 32)
1883 - Lon Chaney, CO, man of 1000 faces, actor (High Noon, Phantom of Opera)
1971 - Lachy Hulme, Australian actor and screenwriter
1971 - Shinji Nakano, Japanese race car driver
1972 - Kenny Gales, NFL/WLAF cornerback (Chicago Bears, Barcelona Dragons)
1942 - Alan Blakley, rocker (Brian Poole & The Tremeloes)
1942 - Danny Brooks, rocker (Dovells)
1893 - Cicely Courtneidge, Sydney Australia, actress (Double Exposure)
1942 - Samuel R[ay] Delany Jr, US, sci-fi author (Towers of Toron, Neveryona)
1973 - Stephen Fleming, cricketer (NZ left-handed Test batsman 1994-)
1898 - Nita Naldi [Anita Donna Dooley], NYC, actress (Blood & Sand)
1973 - Rachel Maddow, American radio personality and political analyst
1898 - Roger Bastide, French sociologist
1974 - Richard Christy, American drummer
1899 - Gustavs Celmins, Latvian politician (d. 1968)
1946 - William Frederick Fisher, Dallas Texas, MD/astronaut (STS 51-I)
1946 - Arrigo Sacchi, Italian football coach
1975 - Magdalena Maleeva, Sofia Bulgaria, tennis star (1995 Chicago Moscow)
1975 - George Bastl, Swiss tennis player
1947 - M, English singer
1947 - Norm Van Lier, American basketball player
1905 - Clara "Mother" Hale, US social worker (Hale House)
1948 - Simon Crowe, rock drummer (Boomtown Rats-Maxinguaye)
1948 - Y Y Williams, Welsh rugby player
1949 - Gill Scott-Heron, US, writer/poet/singer (Whities on the Moon)
1979 - Ivano Balic, Croatian handballer
1949 - Sammy Nelson, Northern Irish footballer
1950 - Ed[uardus] HTM Nijpels, Dutch minister of Environment (VVD)
1980 - Bijou Phillips, American actress
1980 - Yuko Takeuchi, Japanese actress
1981 - Antonis Fotsis, Greek basketball player
286 - Emperor Diocletian elevates his general Maximian to co-emperor with the rank of Augustus and gives him control over the Western regions of the Roman Empire.
325 - Crown Prince Jin Chengdi, age 4, succeeds his father Jin Mingdi as emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.
1293 - Robert Winchelsey leaves England for Rome, to be consecrated as Archbishop of Canterbury.
1318 - Berwick-upon-Tweed is captured by the Scottish from England.
1340 - Niels Ebbesen kills Gerhard III of Holstein in his bedroom, ending the 1332-1340 interregnum in Denmark.
1572 - In the Eighty Years' War, the Watergeuzen capture Brielle from the Spaniards, gaining the first foothold on land for what would become the Dutch Republic.
1789 - In New York City, the United States House of Representatives holds its first quorum and elects Frederick Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania as its first House Speaker.
1826 - Samuel Morey patents the internal combustion engine.
1833 - The Convention of 1833, a political gathering of settlers in Mexican Texas to help draft a series of petitions to the Mexican government, begins in San Felipe de Austin
1854 - Hard Times begins serialisation in Charles Dickens' magazine, Household Words.
1865 - American Civil War: Battle of Five Forks - In Siege of Petersburg, Confederate General Robert E. Lee begins his final offensive.
1867 - Singapore becomes a British crown colony.
1871 - The first stage of the Brill Tramway opened.
1873 - The British steamer RMS Atlantic sinks off Nova Scotia, killing 547.
1887 - Mumbai Fire Brigade is established.
1891 - The Wrigley Company is founded in Chicago, Illinois.
1893 - The rank of Chief Petty Officer in the United States Navy is established.
1908 - The Territorial Force (renamed Territorial Army in 1920) is formed as a volunteer reserve component of the British Army.
1918 - The Royal Air Force is created by the merger of the Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Naval Air Service.
1922 - Six Irish Catholic civilians are shot and beaten-to-death by a gang of policemen in Belfast, Northern Ireland.
1924 - Adolf Hitler is sentenced to five years in jail for his participation in the "Beer Hall Putsch". However, he spends only nine months in jail, during which he writes Mein Kampf.
1924 - The Royal Canadian Air Force is formed.
1933 - The recently elected Nazis under Julius Streicher organize a one-day boycott of all Jewish-owned businesses in Germany, ushering in a series of anti-Semitic acts.
1933 - English cricketer Wally Hammond set a record for the highest individual Test innings of 336 not out, during a Test match against New Zealand.
1936 - Orissa formerly known as Kalinga or Utkal becomes a state in India.
1937 - Aden becomes a British crown colony.
1939 - Generalsimo Francisco Franco of the Spanish State announces the end of the Spanish Civil War, when the last of the Republican forces surrender.
1941 - The Blockade Runner Badge for the German navy is instituted.
1941 - A military coup in Iraq overthrows the regime of 'Abd al-Ilah and installs Rashid Ali as Prime Minister.
1944 - Navigation errors lead to an accidental American bombing of the Swiss city of Schaffhausen.
1945 - World War II: Operation Iceberg - United States troops land on Okinawa in the last campaign of the war.
1946 - Aleutian Island earthquake: A 7.8 magnitude earthquake near the Aleutian Islands creates a tsunami that strikes the Hawaiian Islands killing 159, mostly in Hilo.
1946 - Formation of the Malayan Union.
1947 - Paul becomes king of Greece, on the death of his childless elder brother, George II.
1948 - Cold War: Berlin Airlift - Military forces, under direction of the Russian-controlled government in East Germany, set-up a land blockade of West Berlin.
1948 - Faroe Islands receive autonomy from Denmark.
1949 - Chinese Civil War: The Communist Party of China holds unsuccessful peace talks with the Kuomintang in Beijing, after three years of fighting.
1949 - The Canadian government repeals Japanese Canadian internment after seven years.
1949 - The 26 counties of the Irish Free State become the Republic of Ireland.
1954 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes the creation of the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado.
1955 - The EOKA rebellion against The British Empire begins in Cyprus, with the goal of obtaining the desired unification ("enosis") with Greece.
1957 - The BBC broadcasts the spaghetti tree hoax on its current affairs programme Panorama.
1959 - Iakovos is enthroned as Greek Orthodox Archbishop of America.
1967 - The United States Department of Transportation begins operation.
1969 - The Hawker Siddeley Harrier enters service with the Royal Air Force.
1970 - President Richard Nixon signs the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act into law, requiring the Surgeon General's warnings on tobacco products and banning cigarette advertisements on television and radio in the United States, starting on January 1, 1971.
1971 - Bangladesh Liberation War: The Pakistan Army massacred over 1,000 people in Keraniganj Upazila, Bangladesh.
1973 - Project Tiger, a tiger conservation project, is launched in the Corbett National Park, India.
1974 - In the United Kingdom, the Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties come into being.
1976 - Apple Inc. is formed by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak.
1976 - Conrail takes over operations from six bankrupt railroads in the Northeastern U.S..
1976 - The Jovian-Plutonian gravitational effect hoax is first reported by British astronomer Patrick Moore.
1978 - The Philippine College of Commerce, through a presidential decree, becomes the Polytechnic University of the Philippines.
1979 - Iran becomes an Islamic Republic by a 98% vote, officially overthrowing the Shah.
1989 - Margaret Thatcher's new local government tax, the Community Charge (commonly known as the "poll tax"), is introduced in Scotland.
1992 - Start of the Bosnian war.
1996 - The Halifax Regional Municipality in Nova Scotia is created.
1997 - Comet Hale-Bopp is seen passing over perihelion.
1999 - Nunavut is established as a Canadian territory carved out of the eastern part of the Northwest Territories.
2001 - An EP-3E United States Navy surveillance aircraft collides with a Chinese People's Liberation Army Shenyang J-8 fighter jet. The Navy crew makes an emergency landing in Hainan, People's Republic of China and is detained.
2001 - Former President of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Slobodan Miloevic surrenders to police special forces, to be tried on war crimes charges.
2001 - Same-sex marriage becomes legal in the Netherlands, the first country to allow it.
2006 - The Serious Organised Crime Agency, dubbed the "British FBI", is created in the United Kingdom.
2009 - Croatia and Albania join NATO
2011 - After protests against the burning of the Quran turned violent, a mob attacked a United Nations compound in Mazar-i-Sharif, Afghanistan and killed thirteen people, including eight foreign workers.
1952 - Annette O'Toole, Houston Texas, actress (Cat People, Superman III)
1543 - Franois de Bonne, duc de Lesdiguires, Constable of France (d. 1626)
1952 - Rey Robinson, US, 100m sprinter (Olympic-1972)
1582 - Gaspar de Crayer, Flemish painter
1953 - Aftab Baloch, cricketer (Pakistani in 2 Tests, scored 428 for Sind 74)
1610 - Charles de Saint-vremond, French soldier (d. 1703)
1640 - Georg Mohr, Danish mathematician (d. 1697)
1955 - Danny Joe Pohl, Mt Pleasant MI, PGA golfer (1986 Colonial)
1647 - John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester, English poet (d. 1680)
1697 - Antoine Franois Prvost, French author and novelist (d. 1763)
1956 - Peter O'Toole, Irish pop bassist (Hothouse Flowers-People)
1725 - Francois Bainville, composer
1921 - Ken Reardon, Canadian ice hockey player
1957 - Peter Deutsch, (Rep-D-Florida)
1765 - Luigi Schiavonetti, Italian engraver (d. 1810)
1924 - Gunther Becker, composer
1776 - Sophie Germain, French mathematician (d. 1831)
1785 - J H Ferdinand Olivier, German painter
1802 - Hubert Reis, composer
1807 - Fredrik Cygnaeus, Finnish poet/literature critic
1926 - Lyndon Brook, actor (Invasion, Reach for the Sky)
1809 - Willem Ruys J Dz, Dutch ship owner
1815 - Otto Von Bismarck, Germany, chancellor (1866-90)
1817 - Johannes J van Oosterzee, Dutch theologist
1964 - Kevin Duckworth, NBA center (Milwaukee Bucks)
1834 - Isidore Edouard Legouix, composer
1928 - Jane Powell, Portland Oregon, singer/actress (7 Brides for 7 Brothers)
1929 - Milan Kundera, Czech poet/writer (Joke, Unbearable Lightness of Being)
1929 - Payut Ngaokrachang, Thai animator
1847 - Jules-Nicolas Crevaux, French explorer (South America)
1930 - Grace Lee Whitney, Ann Arbor Mich, actress (Yeoman Rand-Star Trek)
1930 - Joan Franks-Williams, composer
1931 - George Baker, Bulgaria, actor (Goodbye Mr Chips, Curse of the Fly)
1967 - Phil Demmel, American musician
1968 - Joel Smeenge, NFL defensive end (Jacksonville Jaguars)
1968 - Andreas Schnaas, German horror film director
1865 - Richard Zsigmondy, Germany, chemist (Nobel-1925)
1969 - Andrew Vlahov, Australian basketball forward (Olympics-1988, 92, 96)
1969 - Arnaud Boetsch, Meulam France, tennis star (1985 European Junior)
1969 - Frank Castillo, El Paso TX, pitcher (Chic Cubs)
1969 - John Forest, soccer player (Go Ahead Eagles)
1934 - Rod Kanehl, American baseball player (d. 2004)
1872 - Tadeusz Joteyko, composer
1873 - Sergei Rachmaninoff, Novgorod Russia, composer (Prelude in C# Minor)
1875 - Edgar Wallace, England, novelist/playwright/journalist (Terror)
1935 - Larry McDonald, American politician (d. 1983)
1970 - Sung Hi Lee, Korean-born model
1882 - Paul Anspach, Belgian Olympic champion fencer (d. 1991)
1971 - Ernest Jones, NFL defensive end (Saints, Denver Broncos-Superbowl 32)
1883 - Lon Chaney, CO, man of 1000 faces, actor (High Noon, Phantom of Opera)
1971 - Lachy Hulme, Australian actor and screenwriter
1971 - Shinji Nakano, Japanese race car driver
1972 - Kenny Gales, NFL/WLAF cornerback (Chicago Bears, Barcelona Dragons)
1942 - Alan Blakley, rocker (Brian Poole & The Tremeloes)
1942 - Danny Brooks, rocker (Dovells)
1893 - Cicely Courtneidge, Sydney Australia, actress (Double Exposure)
1942 - Samuel R[ay] Delany Jr, US, sci-fi author (Towers of Toron, Neveryona)
1973 - Stephen Fleming, cricketer (NZ left-handed Test batsman 1994-)
1898 - Nita Naldi [Anita Donna Dooley], NYC, actress (Blood & Sand)
1973 - Rachel Maddow, American radio personality and political analyst
1898 - Roger Bastide, French sociologist
1974 - Richard Christy, American drummer
1899 - Gustavs Celmins, Latvian politician (d. 1968)
1946 - William Frederick Fisher, Dallas Texas, MD/astronaut (STS 51-I)
1946 - Arrigo Sacchi, Italian football coach
1975 - Magdalena Maleeva, Sofia Bulgaria, tennis star (1995 Chicago Moscow)
1975 - George Bastl, Swiss tennis player
1947 - M, English singer
1947 - Norm Van Lier, American basketball player
1905 - Clara "Mother" Hale, US social worker (Hale House)
1948 - Simon Crowe, rock drummer (Boomtown Rats-Maxinguaye)
1948 - Y Y Williams, Welsh rugby player
1949 - Gill Scott-Heron, US, writer/poet/singer (Whities on the Moon)
1979 - Ivano Balic, Croatian handballer
1949 - Sammy Nelson, Northern Irish footballer
1950 - Ed[uardus] HTM Nijpels, Dutch minister of Environment (VVD)
1980 - Bijou Phillips, American actress
1980 - Yuko Takeuchi, Japanese actress
1981 - Antonis Fotsis, Greek basketball player
286 - Emperor Diocletian elevates his general Maximian to co-emperor with the rank of Augustus and gives him control over the Western regions of the Roman Empire.
325 - Crown Prince Jin Chengdi, age 4, succeeds his father Jin Mingdi as emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.
1293 - Robert Winchelsey leaves England for Rome, to be consecrated as Archbishop of Canterbury.
1318 - Berwick-upon-Tweed is captured by the Scottish from England.
1340 - Niels Ebbesen kills Gerhard III of Holstein in his bedroom, ending the 1332-1340 interregnum in Denmark.
1572 - In the Eighty Years' War, the Watergeuzen capture Brielle from the Spaniards, gaining the first foothold on land for what would become the Dutch Republic.
1789 - In New York City, the United States House of Representatives holds its first quorum and elects Frederick Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania as its first House Speaker.
1826 - Samuel Morey patents the internal combustion engine.
1833 - The Convention of 1833, a political gathering of settlers in Mexican Texas to help draft a series of petitions to the Mexican government, begins in San Felipe de Austin
1854 - Hard Times begins serialisation in Charles Dickens' magazine, Household Words.
1865 - American Civil War: Battle of Five Forks - In Siege of Petersburg, Confederate General Robert E. Lee begins his final offensive.
1867 - Singapore becomes a British crown colony.
1871 - The first stage of the Brill Tramway opened.
1873 - The British steamer RMS Atlantic sinks off Nova Scotia, killing 547.
1887 - Mumbai Fire Brigade is established.
1891 - The Wrigley Company is founded in Chicago, Illinois.
1893 - The rank of Chief Petty Officer in the United States Navy is established.
1908 - The Territorial Force (renamed Territorial Army in 1920) is formed as a volunteer reserve component of the British Army.
1918 - The Royal Air Force is created by the merger of the Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Naval Air Service.
1922 - Six Irish Catholic civilians are shot and beaten-to-death by a gang of policemen in Belfast, Northern Ireland.
1924 - Adolf Hitler is sentenced to five years in jail for his participation in the "Beer Hall Putsch". However, he spends only nine months in jail, during which he writes Mein Kampf.
1924 - The Royal Canadian Air Force is formed.
1933 - The recently elected Nazis under Julius Streicher organize a one-day boycott of all Jewish-owned businesses in Germany, ushering in a series of anti-Semitic acts.
1933 - English cricketer Wally Hammond set a record for the highest individual Test innings of 336 not out, during a Test match against New Zealand.
1936 - Orissa formerly known as Kalinga or Utkal becomes a state in India.
1937 - Aden becomes a British crown colony.
1939 - Generalsimo Francisco Franco of the Spanish State announces the end of the Spanish Civil War, when the last of the Republican forces surrender.
1941 - The Blockade Runner Badge for the German navy is instituted.
1941 - A military coup in Iraq overthrows the regime of 'Abd al-Ilah and installs Rashid Ali as Prime Minister.
1944 - Navigation errors lead to an accidental American bombing of the Swiss city of Schaffhausen.
1945 - World War II: Operation Iceberg - United States troops land on Okinawa in the last campaign of the war.
1946 - Aleutian Island earthquake: A 7.8 magnitude earthquake near the Aleutian Islands creates a tsunami that strikes the Hawaiian Islands killing 159, mostly in Hilo.
1946 - Formation of the Malayan Union.
1947 - Paul becomes king of Greece, on the death of his childless elder brother, George II.
1948 - Cold War: Berlin Airlift - Military forces, under direction of the Russian-controlled government in East Germany, set-up a land blockade of West Berlin.
1948 - Faroe Islands receive autonomy from Denmark.
1949 - Chinese Civil War: The Communist Party of China holds unsuccessful peace talks with the Kuomintang in Beijing, after three years of fighting.
1949 - The Canadian government repeals Japanese Canadian internment after seven years.
1949 - The 26 counties of the Irish Free State become the Republic of Ireland.
1954 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes the creation of the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado.
1955 - The EOKA rebellion against The British Empire begins in Cyprus, with the goal of obtaining the desired unification ("enosis") with Greece.
1957 - The BBC broadcasts the spaghetti tree hoax on its current affairs programme Panorama.
1959 - Iakovos is enthroned as Greek Orthodox Archbishop of America.
1967 - The United States Department of Transportation begins operation.
1969 - The Hawker Siddeley Harrier enters service with the Royal Air Force.
1970 - President Richard Nixon signs the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act into law, requiring the Surgeon General's warnings on tobacco products and banning cigarette advertisements on television and radio in the United States, starting on January 1, 1971.
1971 - Bangladesh Liberation War: The Pakistan Army massacred over 1,000 people in Keraniganj Upazila, Bangladesh.
1973 - Project Tiger, a tiger conservation project, is launched in the Corbett National Park, India.
1974 - In the United Kingdom, the Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties come into being.
1976 - Apple Inc. is formed by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak.
1976 - Conrail takes over operations from six bankrupt railroads in the Northeastern U.S..
1976 - The Jovian-Plutonian gravitational effect hoax is first reported by British astronomer Patrick Moore.
1978 - The Philippine College of Commerce, through a presidential decree, becomes the Polytechnic University of the Philippines.
1979 - Iran becomes an Islamic Republic by a 98% vote, officially overthrowing the Shah.
1989 - Margaret Thatcher's new local government tax, the Community Charge (commonly known as the "poll tax"), is introduced in Scotland.
1992 - Start of the Bosnian war.
1996 - The Halifax Regional Municipality in Nova Scotia is created.
1997 - Comet Hale-Bopp is seen passing over perihelion.
1999 - Nunavut is established as a Canadian territory carved out of the eastern part of the Northwest Territories.
2001 - An EP-3E United States Navy surveillance aircraft collides with a Chinese People's Liberation Army Shenyang J-8 fighter jet. The Navy crew makes an emergency landing in Hainan, People's Republic of China and is detained.
2001 - Former President of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Slobodan Miloevic surrenders to police special forces, to be tried on war crimes charges.
2001 - Same-sex marriage becomes legal in the Netherlands, the first country to allow it.
2006 - The Serious Organised Crime Agency, dubbed the "British FBI", is created in the United Kingdom.
2009 - Croatia and Albania join NATO
2011 - After protests against the burning of the Quran turned violent, a mob attacked a United Nations compound in Mazar-i-Sharif, Afghanistan and killed thirteen people, including eight foreign workers.
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